News and documents
1430.
The project to set up a library open to the public and especially helpful to poor students, has testified in 1430 on the initiative of Roberto Malatesta Jailbird, which follows a plan of his uncle Charles (who died the year before).
1475.
Testament of Robert Valturio leaving his library to "liberaria (library) of the convent of the friars of San Francesco di Rimini" ad usum studentium aliorum Fratrum et hominum et civitatis Arimini ', with the proviso that the brothers make build "in Unani aliam liberariam solarium desuper actam to usum liberarie dictum."
This document (published for the first time in 1794 in ANGELO Battaglini literary court of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta ), we obtain:
1. In 1475 there is already a "liberaria" the convent of San Francesco.
2. This "liberaria shall be placed on the ground floor.
3. It "liberaria" (writes A. Battaglini) had already become abundant at the expense of Sigismund, but lay 'flat on the ground pregiudicevole materials to ensure the facts' (Battaglini, op. Cit., P. 168).
The transport takes place upstairs in 1490 (see below for annum). Battaglini
concludes that Rimini "had no less then his Prince Sigismund, which at its citizen Roberto Valtur [Valturio] made the purchase of a public library '(Battaglini, op. Cit., P. 170).
Sigismund, as stated in the first Valturio, gives the Franciscan monastic library, designed by his uncle Carlo Malatesta, "many volumes of books, sacred and profane, and best of all disciplines" [cf. R. Valtur De re militari, XII, 13].
1490.
The inclusion of 1490 (not 1420 as initially had been read), recalls the trasferimento della biblioteca francescana al piano superiore del convento da quello a terra, «pregiudicievole a materiali sì fatti» (Battaglini, op. cit., p. 169). Questa iscrizione è tuttora conservata nel Museo della Città di Rimini.
Di questa iscrizione non è stata mai fornita sinora la corretta trascrizione. Infatti si è letto come « sum » quanto va trascritto come « summa ».
Il testo latino è questo: «Principe Pandulpho. Malatestae sanguine cretus, dum Galaotus erat spes patriaeque pater. Divi eloqui interpres, Baiote Ioannes, summa tua cura sita hoc biblioteca loco. 1490».
Ecco la traduzione: «Sotto il principato Pandolfo. While Jailbird, born from the blood of Malatesta, hope and was the father of the country. For your great care, John Baioti theologian, the library was put into this place. 1490.
Pandolfo IV, 1475-1534, is the son of Roberto Novello (1442-1482), in turn son of Sigismund (1417-68).
Roberto died fighting in the service of the Church. With him was Malatesti Raymond (son of Malatesta and Almerico Amabilia Castracani) that went to Rimini the news of the death of the lord of the city.
Jailbird [Jailbird Louis II], son of Malatesta Almerico (and brother of Raymond), is governor and guardian of Pandolfo di Rimini.
John Baiotti from Lugo, Franciscan friar, theologian and is the guardian of the convent of San Francesco.
Raymond Malatesti March 6, 1492 is killed by his nephews and Pandolfo Gaspar, son of his brother Louis II Jailbird remembered in stone.
The crime is considered by Clementini the root of all evils that afflict Rimini later, that "the precipice of 'extermination of citizens and gentlemen," Malatesta and their home. On July 31, 1492
Pandolfo and Gaspar, the murderers of his uncle Raymond, are used by his father Louis II Jailbird for a conspiracy against the same Pandolfo IV and his family.
to send air to avoid a massacre, we think Violante Aldobrandini, second wife of that Jailbird Lodovico and sister of Elizabeth, mother of Pandolfo IV.
In Elizabeth's house was killed Raymond Malatesti almost five months earlier (March 6, 1492).
in the same household of Elizabeth is killed Jailbird Louis, while his son Pandolfo is out of the way into the house of the lord of Rimini Pandolfo IV. Gaspare instead is arrested, tried and summarily beheaded.
Two and a half months after the plot failed and the death of its creators, Violante tie the marriage. Violante was the stepmother of Gaspar and Pandolfo, children of the first wife of Louis Jailbird, Raffaella by Barbian.
Pandolfo Galeotto Lodovico in turn had four children (Charles, Malatesta, Raffaella, Laura) forgiven by Pandolfo IV a testimony of his desire for peace within the family and the city.
From 1492 for nearly a century, the political killings that have registered, will continue "to bring down blood", as acutely observed Copioli Rosita.
1560.
The library consisted of two rows of parapets of twenty items each. "About" hundred and fifty works are in the front row, "about" one hundred twenty-three in the second. Or "approximately" 273 works in all.
These data result from an inventory of 1560 (p. 346) stored at Perugia and published in 1901 by Joseph in a Mazzatinti essay entitled "The library of San Francesco (Tempio Malatesta) in Rimini, in the volume" Writings of various Philology "appeared in Rome at Forzani, printers of the Senate, pp. 345-352.
Mazzatinti's essay is dated "Forlì, in August 1901."
1511.
Remembering this inventory carefully 1560 , consider a news about the 1511, and contained in a text ms. Father Francis Anthony Righini (SC-MS 372, "Miscellaneous Scriptorum ...", c. 284r, Library Gambalunga of Rimini).
Righini writes books convent of San Francesco that the library had been transferred Rome 'sic jubente Pontiff. "
Righini specify the year (note the 1511), citing a text of Paride Grassi on the living room in Rimini at the same Franciscan pope, Julius II.
(The text of Grassi, the papal master of ceremonies, was published in 1886, The two military expeditions of Julius II , in "Documents and Studies" of the National History Deputation for the province of Romagna, I). The step
Righini perhaps alludes to a partial transfer Franciscan library, since the fact that in 1560 it consisted of two rows of plutei twenty items each for a total of "approximately" 273 works.
seventeenth century. In
Site of Rimini Raffaele Adimari , which comes out in Brescia in 1616, says (I, p. 72) that at the Conventual Franciscan monastery there was a "sumptuous, et good library."
early seventeenth century, states Antonio Bianchi ( Rimini's history from its origins to 1832 , Rimini 1997, edited by Antonio Montanari, p. 146), "the valuable library, the Malatesta, to preserve it for public good , had given custody to the monks of San Francesco, "there remain only four hundred volumes for most manuscripts.
This "remnant" of four hundred volumes (Actually much less, "about" 273 , as the inventory of 1560), the second is lost Monsignor James Villani (1605-1690), because those precious papers end up in the hands of butchers ('deinde in manus mea salsamentariorum Aetate might come satis constat ').
Sartoni Frederick (1730-1786), as reported by Luigi Tonini ( Rimini after Mille, p. 94), argues that the brothers sold the library to Roman family of Cesi, in which the brothers belong Angelo (Bishop of Rimini from 1627 to 1646) and Federico, founder of the Accademia dei Lincei in 1603. The manuscript
Sartoni is BGR, SC-Ms.1136: Sarton, FEDERICO COSIMO, Copying a hotchpotch mss. that was in the house now owned by NU and Sartoni Mr Domenico Mattioli, containing statements and warnings for the history of Rimini ... Is in: Tonini, Luigi [Chronicles Rimini ...] (ff. 222-97). The part that concerns us here is the cc. 49-50.
eighteenth century.
The convent of San Francesco is largely restored, as documented by MS. AB 51, relating to expenditures made "for the Convent of the Fabrica ( 1762-1764) ', held in the State Archives of Rimini, Fondo Congregations deleted.
CONCLUSIONS.
1. Francesco Gaetano Battaglini in his Memoirs on the history of Rimini (1789, p. 281) writes that in 1490 was the transportation of the "famous" Franciscan library "in the most convenient place," according to the provisions of Valturio.
above to add Battaglini, the Franciscan library had been "enriched by Sigismund codes, and furnishings enhanced by the book 'of the same Valturio. (This step is represented by Luigi Tonini in Story of Rimini, III, p. 321.)
2. The municipal archive and library. For some time before, "apud locum Fratrum Minorum '(ie the same Franciscan monastery) was the local archives (FG Battaglini, p. 44). This site archive is defined in the mid-fifteenth century. as' sacristy Communis Arimini Conventu in Sancti Francisci (FG Battaglini, ibid.)
The presence of the public archive at the site monastery and ancient documents a particular relationship between the city government and the fathers of the church of San Francesco, well prior to the birth of that "famous" library that, even Battaglini, having been enriched by Sigismund, then when he rules there Rimini: from 1430 along with his brothers Roberto Jailbird (disappearing October 10, 1432) and Domenico Malatesta Novello and 1433 alone (while Novello becomes Lord of Cesena).
About the archive from another source (a chronicle of the 1532 signed by Father Alessandro da Rimini and published in the last century by Father Gregory Giovanardi ), we obtain:
a) the time of Pope Paul II (1464 - 71) is on fire the sacristy of the church of St. Francis with loss of manuscripts. 'Ancient and important "(remember what is reported in about FG Battaglini" in the sacristy Communis Arimini Conventu Sancti Francisci'
b) the rest of the archive, around 1528, is said to Rome by Pope Clement VII (1523-34 ).
3. Augusto Campana [1932] in famous study of the Italian libraries, writes about the presence of the Franciscan fathers in the library Malatesta: "It is possible, but it is only prudent to give it as possible ," that this library - to use words of Farms - was entrusted to the friars of San Francis "." Bell continues: "However at those, in the middle of the fifteenth , had established a considerable collection of books ", then enriched by Sigismund (see above). So
Bell does not put in doubt the existence of a public library Malatesta ad usum communem pauperum et aliorum studentium, "but noted that it is prudent (Following farms) can be considered its management by the friars. The
but contrasts sharply with the will of Valturio in 1475 that speaks directly to those brothers. If they had handled them, Valturio would not have written what we read in his will (in three drafts), where he always speaks of "the library of the convent of the friars of St. Francis."
cards Stock speak clearly, and make void observation of Masseria and the resulting caution Campana.
4. Massera. publishing the full text of the essay on Massera Gambalunga content 'academies and libraries of Italy, " 1928, VI, p. 27: "It is likely that this library was entrusted to the friars of St. Francis, whose convent was contiguous to the church," which later became the Temple of Malatesta. "Exactly Sigismondo was to enrich the library of the Conventual many volumes," as evidenced Valturio etc. Then
Massera writes that the inscription "still exists" certify "that the requested accommodation took place or time", as guardian of John Baiotti Lugo. On p.
29 Massera blames Conventual Rimini he had left "to waste the wealth collected. The brothers sold freely
the library to the Roman family of Cesi, as it seems to support Sartoni? Perhaps they were not forced
tell by the Roman bishop, but from their miserable conditions (resulting from many documents held in the State Archives of Rimini).
Certainly Massera not know the news of Righini of 1511 (the library was transferred to Rome, "Pope jubente sic).
5. Before Cesena. If the library Long Legs (1619) is the third in Italy to be public after the Ambrosiana in Milan (1609) and Angelica in Rome (1614), to the Franciscans and the Malatesta of Rimini of the fifteenth century it would be the merit of being the first ever to be public , starting from the document of 1430. And being made prior to that sort of Cesena that it will open only in 1452 (see below, the tab "between Rimini and Cesena).
The Long Legs, it added, is the first in Italy to be "civic" (ie the City).
between Rimini and Cesena
The relations between Rimini and Cesena in mid-fifteenth century, are documented through two editions of Pliny's Naturalis Historia.
1. The Pliny of Jacopo della Pergola (1446)
The first, completed by Jacopo della Pergola in Rimini on 11 October 1446, was intended (according to Raimondo Zazzeri, 1887) from Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta . Who then gave it his brother Malatesta Novello that he inserted in the library Cesena (S. XI. I).
Zazzeri This news was denied by Enza Savino ( Both Pliny's Naturalis Historia Malatesta, in Libraria Domains. Malatesta Manuscripts Library: Texts and decorations , edited by edited by Piero and Fabrizio Lollini Lucchi, Bologna, Grafis, 1995, pp. 103-114), only according to "the fact that Sigismondo Pandolfo, according to the image delivered by local historians, not cultivated by bibliophile interests nor by bibliographer with the same passion and perseverance the brother. " The image
Enza Savino resumes Sigismund "by local historians," is all the opposite of reality. We have already seen that Sigismund, as he wrote Valturio , gives the Franciscan library 'many volumes of books, sacred and profane, and best of all disciplines. " (Texts Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Chaldeans and Arabs, "which traces that remain of the project to spread knowledge of Sigismund open to listening to all voices, from Aristotle to Cicero, Aulus Gellius by Lucretius in De rerum natura of , from Seneca to St. Augustine, up to Diogenes Laertius Vitae and its of the ancient philosophers: cf. my humanist philosopher Sigmund ).
not interested in establishing, What the rest difficult if not impossible, if indeed the ms. S. XI. I was ordered by Sigismund Jacopo della Pergola. The fact is that it has been worked Rimini and then it ended up Cesena.
Augustus Bell [1932] points out that James has worked in Rimini and Fano. This suggests that this important conclusion: it is possible to assume that the copyists "were exchanged as needed between the Lord of Cesena and Rimini to .
2. The Pliny of Francesco da Figline (1451) The other
Naturalis Historia Cesena (S. XXIV. 5), is the work of Francesco da Figline commissioned by Medical Rimini Giovanni di Marco ("scriptus et completus for me fratrem Franciscum de Fighine ordinis pro Minorum excellent ac prestantissimo artium et medicine doctor Iohann Marci de Arimino die 10 Maii 1451).
testament to the library was left in Cesena in 1474 by Giovanni di Marco, former personal physician of Malatesta Novello.
In 1451 the Malatesta of Cesena had not yet completed. It will be the following year ("the library was completed in 1452: M CCCCLII / Matheus Nutius fanensi ex urbe creatus, / Dedalus alter, opus off deduxit unguem to 'see. Campana). So
Francesco da Figline was not yet in the city of Novello who then appointed the first librarian of Malatesta. But it was still in Rimini. Where do you work (also) to John Mark who was active both as a doctor in Rimini and Cesena.
The two manuscripts of Pliny document therefore cartel activity 'book' Rimini after 1430 and before 1452 (opening of the Library of Cesena).
This activity can easily be connected to the existence of the library Malatesta in the convent of San Francesco di Rimini .
For that period of time the documents are, if you do not forget to properly interpret those that already exist, just as the works 'Rimini' by Jacopo della Pergola (1446) and Francesco da Figline (1451).
Antonio Montanari
04/21/2007 04/23/2007
